Desiccation-tolerance, the ability to revive from the air-dried state, is found in prokaryotes,
algae and bryophytes, and occasionally in pteridophytes, but is very rare in the vegetative …

Lichens are prominent examples of symbiotic organisms, combining fungi and algae and/or
cyanobacteria in an intimate biological union. This volume provides an up-to-date account of …

Lichens are symbiotic associations of a fungus (usually an Ascomycete) with green algae
and/or a cyanobacterium. They dominate on 8% of the world's land surface, mainly in Arctic …

Immunity is a key life history trait that may explain hierarchies in the susceptibility of corals to
disease and thermal bleaching, two of the greatest current threats to coral health and the …

Laccases are blue copper oxidases, found in some plants and secreted by a wide range of
ligninolytic fungi. These enzymes are well known for their ability in oxidizing several organic …

The melanin-synthesis pathways, phenoloxidase (PO) and laccases, are staple components
of invertebrate immunity and have been shown to be vital in disease resistance. The …

Multicopper oxidases can act on a broad spectrum of phenolic and non‐phenolic
compounds. These enzymes include laccases, which are widely distributed in plants and …

The activity of hydrolases in the rhizosphere soil are involved in the decomposition of
organic residues, cycling of nutrients, and in maintaining soil fertility and plant productivity …

The quantity and the qualitative composition (for some species) of phenolic compounds (PC)
washed out of the intact thalli of lichens of the orders Peltigerales (the genera Peltigera …

Humification is aerobic, largely oxidative process of non-living organic matter
biotransformation into recalcitrant humic substances (HS). HS comprise up to 90% of soil …