Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions
were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming …

The thermal bipolar ocean seesaw hypothesis was advanced by Stocker and Johnsen
(2003) as the 'simplest possible thermodynamic model'to explain the time relationship …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

High-resolution, downscaled climate model data are used in a wide variety of applications
across environmental sciences. Here we introduce a new, high-resolution dataset, CHELSA …

The Holocene thermal maximum, a period of global warmth evident in early to mid-Holocene
proxy reconstructions, is controversial. Most model simulations of the Holocene have not …

Past interglacial climates with smaller ice sheets offer analogs for ice sheet response to
future warming and contributions to sea level rise; however, well-dated geologic records …

Abstract The Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) is losing mass at a high rate. Given the short-term
nature of the observational record, it is difficult to assess the historical importance of this …

The recovery of long-term climate proxy records with seasonal resolution is rare because of
natural smoothing processes, discontinuities and limitations in measurement resolution. Yet …

Millennial-scale climate oscillations of the last ice age registered in Greenland and Antarctic
ice cores did not always vary in unison. A striking example is that the strongest Antarctic …

During the last ice age, the Laurentide Ice Sheet exhibited extreme iceberg discharge
events that are recorded in North Atlantic sediments. These Heinrich events have far …