We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In
classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be …

We analyze the Uhlmann fidelity of a pair of n-mode Gaussian states of the quantum
radiation field. This quantity is shown to be the product of an exponential function depending …

A nonlocal quantum approach is presented to polarimetry, leveraging the phenomenon of
entanglement in photon pairs to enhance the precision in sample property determination. By …

Spin angular momentum of a photon corresponds to a polarisation degree of freedom of
lights, and such that various polarisation properties are coming from macroscopic …

We prove that the closest Gaussian state to an arbitrary N-mode field state through the
relative entropy is built with the covariance matrix and the average displacement of the given …

Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of photons are ubiquitously used for numerous
applications. However, there is a fundamental question whether photonic OAM operators …

Spin is a fundamental degree of freedom, which was discovered by Dirac for an electron in
his relativistic quantum mechanics, known as the Dirac equation. The origin of spin for a …

Polarisation is described by an SU (2) state due to the coherence of photons emitted from a
ubiquitous laser source. We propose a polarisation modulator, called as a Poincaré rotator …

The dual wave–particle nature of light and the degree of polarization are fundamental
concepts in quantum physics and optical science, but their exact relation has not been …

Identifying a reasonably small Hilbert space that completely describes an unknown quantum
state is crucial for efficient quantum information processing. We introduce a general …