Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in
the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions …

A large number of reviews have discussed many aspects of oxidative burst due to plant
exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses, including the dual role of reactive oxygen species …

Oxidative stress is a complex chemical and physiological phenomenon that accompanies
virtually all biotic and abiotic stresses in higher plants and develops as a result of …

Assessing posttranslational modification (PTM) patterns within protein molecules and
reading their functional implications present grand challenges for plant biology. We combine …

Compelling evidence indicates that free polyamines (PAs)(mainly putrescine, spermidine,
spermine, and its isomer thermospermine), some PA conjugates to hydroxycinnamic acids …

Dormancy is an adaptive trait that enables seed germination to coincide with favorable
environmental conditions. It has been clearly demonstrated that dormancy is induced by …

Posttranslational modifications (PTM s) of proteins greatly expand proteome diversity,
increase functionality, and allow for rapid responses, all at relatively low costs for the cell …

The most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet
plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for …

Plant peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane whose biochemical
composition has the capacity to adapt depending on the plant tissue, developmental stage …

The interplay among polyamines (PAs) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RNS and
ROS) is emerging as a key issue in plant responses to salinity. To address this question, we …