Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least
because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or …

Shifts in species distributions are a common ecological response to climate change, and
global temperature rise is often hypothesized as the primary driver. However, the directions …

At least 10,000 virus species have the ability to infect humans but, at present, the vast
majority are circulating silently in wild mammals,. However, changes in climate and land use …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Temperature affects the rate of all biochemical processes in ectotherms, and is therefore
critical for determining their current and future distribution under global climate change …

The frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme thermal events are increasing and are
projected to further increase by the end of the century,. Despite the considerable …

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity and ecosystems.
Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity …