In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a subject of intense study. These
membrane-enclosed spherical structures are secreted by almost every cell type and are …

Discovered in the late 1980s as an extracellular vesicle of endosomal origin secreted from
reticulocytes, exosomes recently gained scientific attention due to its role in intercellular …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as nature's own carriers to transport
macromolecules throughout the body. Hijacking this endogenous communication system …

Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state. As our understanding of
diseases meliorates, it is generally accepted that early diagnosis renders the best chance to …

Background Plasma and other body fluids contain membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs),
which are considered to derive from activated or apoptotic cells. EVs participate in …

Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, are host cell-derived packages
of information that allow cell–cell communication and enable cells to rid themselves of …

In the past few years, the crucial role of different micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the cardiovascular
system has been widely recognized. Recently, it was discovered that extracellular miRNAs …

Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by oxygen metabolism which
is balanced by the rate of oxidant formation and the rate of oxidant elimination. Oxidative …

Apoptosis is a pivotal process in embryogenesis and postnatal cell homeostasis and
involves the shedding of membranous microvesicles termed apoptotic bodies. In response …

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently used in sports training. The effects on
cardiorespiratory and muscle systems have led scientists to consider its application in the …