Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustaceans, up to two inches
long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins–but they have another important …

Abstract Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at
least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes …

Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean,
meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these …

The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep
seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and …

The number of scientists and tourists visiting Antarctica is on the rise and, despite the
management framework for environmental protection, some coastal areas, particularly in the …

Historical harvesting pushed many whale species to the brink of extinction. Although most
Southern Hemisphere populations are slowly recovering, the influence of future climate …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

Global warming in ocean ecosystems alters temperature, acidification, oxygen content,
circulation, stratification, and nutrient inputs. Microorganisms play a dominant role in global …

Antarctica is experiencing significant ecological and environmental change, which may
facilitate the establishment of non‐native marine species. Non‐native marine species will …

The marine ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) extends from the
Bellingshausen Sea to the northern tip of the peninsula and from the mostly glaciated coast …