The mitochondrial (mt) genome is, to date, the most extensively studied genomic system in
insects, outnumbering nuclear genomes tenfold and representing all orders versus very few …

The order Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, sawflies, and bees) represents one of the most
diverse animal lineages, but whether specific key innovations have contributed to its …

Originating most likely in the early Cretaceous, ants have diversified to become the world's
most successful eusocial insects, occupying most terrestrial ecosystems and acquiring a …

Summary Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, and bees) are one of four mega-diverse
insect orders, comprising more than 153,000 described and possibly up to one million …

Summary The stinging wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) are an extremely diverse lineage of
hymenopteran insects, encompassing over 70,000 described species and a diversity of life …

Beetles occur in most terrestrial and freshwater habitats and a few occupy marine
environments. The most common life‐cycle type in beetles is holometaboly. More …

Phylogenies are usually dated by calibrating interior nodes against the fossil record. This
relies on indirect methods that, in the worst case, misrepresent the fossil information. Here …

Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated
species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting …

Gaining a genomic perspective on phylogeny requires the collection of data from many
putatively independent loci across the genome. Among insects, an increasingly common …

The most widely recognized hymenopterans–ants, bees, and wasps or hornets–have long
been part of art, ritual, and folklore worldwide. Both extant and extinct Hymenoptera were …