Abstract Background This is Part 2 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of
patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) using an Enhanced Recovery After …

Hypernatremia is common in intensive care units. It has detrimental effects on various
physiologic functions and was shown to be an independent risk factor for increased mortality …

Hyponatraemia, defined as a serum sodium concentration< 135 mmol/l, is the most common
disorder of body fluid and electrolyte balance encountered in clinical practice. It can lead to …

Background Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice, and
evidence to date indicates that severe hyponatremia is associated with increased morbidity …

Purpose Dysnatremias are common in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Whether the presence of disorders of sodium balance on ICU admission is independently …

Disturbances in fluid and electrolytes are among the most common clinical problems
encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent studies have reported that fluid and …

The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is the most luminal layer of the blood vessel, growing on
and within the vascular wall. It is mainly composed of a variety of proteoglycans and …

Objective Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients
and occurs in about 30% of patients with pneumonia. Hyponatremia has been associated …

Context: Published data demonstrates that hypopituitarism is common after traumatic brain
injury (TBI). Hormone deficiencies are transient in many, but the natural history of the acute …

Background. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and outcomes of intensive
care unit (ICU)-acquired hypernatraemia (IAH). Methods. A retrospective analysis was …