The diagnosis and management of nonvenereal diseases are always a tough challenge for
the dermatologist due to lack of studies on its diagnostic criteria and standard treatment …

The topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are approved for atopic
dermatitis but have additional potential in other inflammatory skin diseases. This article …

Tacrolimus is an ascomycin macrolactam derivative with immunomodulatory and anti-
inflammatory activity that belongs to the class of calcineurin inhibitors. Tacrolimus in its …

Background: Plasma cell vulvitis is a clinically and histologically well-characterized chronic
disease that usually relapses after various topical therapies. Considering the inflammatory …

Plasma cell balanitis of Zoon (PCBZ) and plasma cell vulvitis (PCV) are characterized as
idiopathic, benign, chronic irritant mucositis. The clinical symptoms and signs usually persist …

METHOD: A search using PubMed database was performed using the following terms: Zoon
balanitis (cases, diagnosis, treatment of), balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis, and …

Zoon's balanitis or balanitis plasmacellularis circumscripta is a chronic inflammatory
disorder of the genital mucosa that can affect both males and females (Zoon's vulvitis). It is …

Plasma cell balanitis of Zoon is a chronic, benign, inflammatory dermatosis of the glans
penis and prepuce. The exact aetiology is unknown. The treatments described to date have …

1 Brian B, Adams MD, Lucky AW. Acquired port wine stains and antecedent trauma. Arch
Dermatol 2000; 136: 897–9. 2 Johnson SC, Hanke CW. Unilateral acquired nevus flammeus …

Inflammatory mucosal disorders are treated conventionally with potent or superpotent topical
corticosteroids. For more than 20 years, topical cyclosporine has been used in the …