Driven by applications in chemical sensing, biological imaging and material
characterisation, Raman spectroscopies are attracting growing interest from a variety of …

Modern imaging technologies are widely based on classical principles of light or
electromagnetic wave propagation. They can be remarkably sophisticated, with recent …

Plastics are now omnipresent in our daily lives. The existence of microplastics (1 µm to 5 mm
in length) and possibly even nanoplastics (< 1 μm) has recently raised health concerns. In …

The performance of light microscopes is limited by the stochastic nature of light, which exists
in discrete packets of energy known as photons. Randomness in the times that photons are …

Mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging has become an indispensable tool to spatially resolve
chemical information in a wide variety of samples. However, acquiring three-dimensional …

High-speed measurement confronts the extreme speed limit when the signal becomes
comparable to the noise level. In the context of broadband mid-infrared spectroscopy, state …

Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, there has been an exponentially growing number of
reports on layered two-dimensional (2D) materials for applications ranging from protective …

All molecules consist of chemical bonds, and much can be learned from map** the
spatiotemporal dynamics of these bonds. Since its invention a decade ago, stimulated …

Creating functional electrical circuits using individual or ensemble molecules, often termed
as “molecular-scale electronics”, not only meets the increasing technical demands of the …

The function of cells in their native habitat often cannot be reliably predicted from genomic
data or from physiology studies of isolates. Traditional experimental approaches to study the …