Recent years have seen increased interest in phylogenetic comparative analyses of
multivariate data sets, but to date the varied proposed approaches have not been …

Analyses of morphological disparity have been used to characterize and investigate the
evolution of variation in the anatomy, function and ecology of organisms since the 1980s …

Residual randomization in permutation procedures (RRPP) is an appropriate means of
generating empirical sampling distributions for ANOVA statistics and linear model …

We present mvmorph, a package of multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods for the r
statistical environment. mvmorph is freely available on the cran package repository …

Over the past several years, phylogenetic comparative studies have increasingly
approached trait evolution in a multivariate context, with a number of taxa that continues to …

Modularity describes the case where patterns of trait covariation are unevenly dispersed
across traits. Specifically, trait correlations are high and concentrated within subsets of …

Purpose Deep phenoty** is an emerging trend in precision medicine for genetic disease.
The shape of the face is affected in 30–40% of known genetic syndromes. Here, we …

The study of modularity is paramount for understanding trends of phenotypic evolution, and
for determining the extent to which covariation patterns are conserved across taxa and …

Cranial morphology in birds is thought to be shaped by adaptive evolution for foraging
performance. This understanding of ecomorphological evolution is supported by …

The labyrinth of the vertebrate inner ear is a sensory system that governs the perception of
head rotations. Central hypotheses predict that labyrinth shape and size are related to …