Biomass is a promising renewable source that can reduce fossil fuel consumption and
associated greenhouse gas emissions, but some of its characteristics make it difficult to use …

The development of biofuels has been considered as an important countermeasure to abate
anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, suppress deteriorated atmospheric greenhouse effect, and …

Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis, which has been explored for the pretreatment of biomass to
increase the heating value and hydrophobicity. Due to its potential applications for making …

Biomass is a potential renewable energy source as it is abundantly available and does not
cost much. However, some property characteristics, such as high moisture content, low …

Pyrolysis is an important thermochemical route to decompose lignocellulose biomass into
biogas, bio-oil, and biochar, which can be then converted into value-added biofuels …

Palm oil industry is recognized as one of the major agriculture contributions to the abundant
production of oil palm solid wastes. These include empty fruit bunches, palm kernel shell …

The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is closely related to one of the renewable sources
of energy. However, a few inherent properties of lignocellulosic biomass such as high …

Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to produce sustainable clean-green energy and
other bio-based materials. However, due to the inferior physicochemical properties …

Biomass is a versatile energy resource that could be used as a sustainable energy resource
in solid, liquid and gaseous form of energy sources. Torrefaction is an emerging thermal …

Torrefaction is a promising bioenergy pre-treatment technology, with potential to make a
major contribution to the commodification of biomass. However, there is limited scientific …