Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of
disorders characterized by early-onset, often severe epileptic seizures and EEG …

Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

The nodes of Ranvier have clustered Na+ and K+ channels necessary for rapid and efficient
axonal action potential conduction. However, detailed mechanisms of channel clustering …

Epilepsy is a common and serious neurologic disease with a strong genetic component.
Genetic studies have identified an increasing collection of disease-causing genes. The …

This review describes unique neuromodulatory influences on working memory prefrontal
cortical (PFC) circuits that coordinate cognitive strength with arousal state. Working memory …

Axons are generally considered as reliable transmission cables in which stable propagation
occurs once an action potential is generated. Axon dysfunction occupies a central position in …

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized membrane region in the axon of neurons
where action potentials are initiated. Crucial to the function of the AIS is the presence of …

KCNQ genes encode five Kv7 K+ channel subunits (Kv7. 1–Kv7. 5). Four of these (Kv7. 2–
Kv7. 5) are expressed in the nervous system. Kv7. 2 and Kv7. 3 are the principal molecular …

K+ channels play a crucial role in regulating the excitability of neurons. Many K+ channels
are, in turn, regulated by neurotransmitters. One of the first neurotransmitter-regulated …

Movement is accomplished by the controlled activation of motor unit populations. Our
understanding of motor unit physiology has been derived from experimental work on the …