To study short and long-term effects of acute ocular hypertension (AOHT) on inner and outer
retinal layers, in adult Sprague-Dawley rats AOHT (87 mmHg) was induced for 90 min and …

Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) is clinically diagnosed as a vascular disease, many
studies find retinal neuronal and visual dysfunction before the onset of vascular DR. This …

Polyamine oxidation plays a major role in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies
from our laboratory demonstrated that spermine oxidase (SMOX, a member of the polyamine …

Diabetic retinopathy is now well understood as a neurovascular disease. Significant deficits
early in diabetes are found in the inner retina that consists of bipolar cells that receive inputs …

Glutamate excitotoxicity can cause cell damage and apoptosis and play an important role in
a variety of retinal diseases. Tertiary-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) is an approved food-grade …

Excitotoxicity has been linked to the pathogenesis of several serious degenerative ocular
diseases. Long-term overactivation of the NMDA receptor by glutamate in retinal ganglion …

One of the causes of nervous system degeneration is an excess of glutamate released upon
several diseases. Glutamate analogs, like N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDA) and kainic acid …

Exposure to toxic substances during postnatal period is one of the major factors causing
retinal developmental defects. The developmental toxicity of trimethyltin chloride (TMT), a …

Objectives The chick is rapidly becoming a standardized preclinical model in vision research
to study mechanisms of ocular disease. We seek to comprehensively evaluate the N-methyl …

The retina is part of the central nervous system, its analysis may provide an idea of the
health and functionality, not only of the retina, but also of the entire central nervous system …