Salt stress simultaneously causes ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, which
directly impact plant growth and development. Plants have developed numerous strategies …

Calcium has well-documented roles in plant signaling, water relations and cell wall
interactions. Significant research into how calcium impacts these individual processes in …

The stress hormone, Abscisic acid (ABA), is crucial for plants to respond to changes in their
environment. It triggers changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, which activate plant responses …

The maintenance of sodium/potassium (Na+/K+) homeostasis in plant cells is essential for
salt tolerance. Plants export excess Na+ out of cells mainly through the Salt Overly Sensitive …

In plants dehydration imposed by salinity can invoke physical changes at the interface of the
plasma membrane and cell wall. Changes in hydrostatic pressure activate ion channels and …

Stomatal pores are formed by pairs of specialized epidermal guard cells and serve as major
gateways for both CO2 influx into plants from the atmosphere and transpirational water loss …

Ca2+ signals are a core regulator of plant cell physiology and cellular responses to the
environment. The channels, pumps, and carriers that underlie Ca2+ homeostasis provide …

World population is increasing at an alarming rate and is expected to reach about six billion
by the end of year 2050. On the other hand food productivity is decreasing due to the effect …

Ca2+ signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental
processes of plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result …

Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex
environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous …