Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel immunotherapy-based drugs that have
become increasingly popular in the treatment of lung cancer. Researchers have recognized …

Masquerade syndromes in uveitis are complex clinical conditions where non-inflammatory
diseases mimic uveitic manifestations, often leading to diagnostic and therapeutic …

Objectives: Outline the etiology of cancer-associated retinopathy. Describe the findings and
investigations required for the evaluation of cancer-associated retinopathy. Review the …

Background: Dozens of paraneoplastic syndromes affect the visual system ranging from
conjunctival pemphigoid to encephalopathy of the occipital cortex. The most profiled ocular …

Some 90 autoimmune disorders have been described in medical literature, affecting most of
the tissues within the body. Autoimmune disorders may be difficult to treat, and there is a …

Introduction Retinal degenerative or inflammatory changes may occur with hereditary
immunological disorders (HID) due to variants in approximately 20 genes. This study aimed …

Purpose: To investigate the frequency, risk factors, and functional prognosis of chorioretinal
atrophy (CRA) in vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort …

Although glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, its pathogenesis
is incompletely understood, and intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor …

Objectives: Identify the etiology and epidemiology of exudative retinal detachment. Review
the pathophysiology, histopathology, and clinical features of exudative retinal detachment …

Objective It is unknown whether delay in diagnosis affects morbidity reportedly in
paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). We aimed to explore various aspects of PNS, including …