The harmful effects arisen from the discharge of saline wastewater have become more
evident in recent years and therefore drawn much public concerns. Saline wastewater …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are widely employed due to their inherent advantage of
achieving excellent water permeation rates and high salt rejection. However, fouling is a …

Water scarcity has been a global challenge for many countries over the past decades, and
as a result, reverse osmosis (RO) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective tool for …

Membrane distillation (MD) utilizing low-grade thermal energy can be used to effectively
desalinate hypersaline brines with a high freshwater recovery for water reuse. Membrane …

Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for desalination of brackish water and seawater,
important for solving the growing problems of fresh water supply. Thermal technologies such …

Membrane-based technology has attracted considerable attention owing to its low energy
consumption, mild operating conditions, and high efficiency. Polymeric membranes are …

The membrane distillation (MD) process has been identified as one of the most promising
technologies in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment due to its lack of a salinity …

Abstract 20 years since the first report on the biofouling potential of chemicals used for scale
control, still, antiscalants with high bacterial growth potential are used in practice. Evaluating …

Reclaimed water plays a crucial role in the water cycle since it constitutes an effective way to
improve the utilization of water resources and can help to cope with the water crisis …

To further compare the effect of sodium and calcium on the membrane fouling mechanism of
typical organic matters, the adsorption behavior of sodium alginate, humic acid and bovine …