The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis

MS Woo, JB Engler, MA Friese - Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2024‏ - nature.com
Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a
smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple …

Mechanisms of axonal support by oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles

EM Krämer-Albers, HB Werner - Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2023‏ - nature.com
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as versatile elements of cell
communication in the nervous system, mediating tissue homeostasis. EVs influence the …

Acriflavine, a HIF-1 inhibitor, preserves vision in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of optic neuritis

JJ Anders, BW Elwood, RH Kardon… - Frontiers in …, 2023‏ - frontiersin.org
Introduction Optic neuritis (ON) is often an early sign of multiple sclerosis (MS), and recent
studies show a link between HIF-1 pathway activation and inflammation. This study aimed to …

Developmental maturation and regional heterogeneity but no sexual dimorphism of the murine CNS myelin proteome

SB Siems, VI Gargareta, LC Schadt… - Glia, 2025‏ - Wiley Online Library
The molecules that constitute myelin are critical for the integrity of axon/myelin‐units and
thus speed and precision of impulse propagation. In the CNS, the protein composition of …

Seeking neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: An ongoing challenge

JP Antel, TE Kennedy, T Kuhlmann - The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2023‏ - jci.org
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS, featuring inflammation and
demyelination with variable recovery. In this issue of the JCI, Kapell, Fazio, and authors …

Multiple Sclerosis: Glial Cell Diversity in Time and Space

SM Kooistra, L Schirmer - Glia, 2025‏ - Wiley Online Library
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent human inflammatory disease of the central
nervous system with demyelination and glial scar formation as pathological hallmarks. Glial …

[HTML][HTML] Retigabine, a potassium channel opener, restores thalamocortical neuron functionality in a murine model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis

L Fazio, VN Naik, RN Therpurakal, FMG Osorio… - Brain, Behavior, and …, 2024‏ - Elsevier
Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease,
whose primary hallmark is the occurrence of inflammatory lesions in white and grey matter …

Clemastine improves emotional and social deficits in adolescent social isolation mice by reversing demyelination

D Guo, Y Yao, X Liu, Y Han - Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2024‏ - Elsevier
Adolescence is a critical period for social experience-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation
and myelination. Adolescent stress predisposes to cause irreversible changes in brain …

[HTML][HTML] Preclinical Insights into the Role of Kir4. 1 in Chronic Pain and Depression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

T Zha, X Fang, J Wan, X Chen, J Lin, Q Chen - Biomolecules, 2025‏ - mdpi.com
Chronic pain and mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, frequently co-
occur and share underlying mechanisms involving neuronal excitability and synaptic …

[HTML][HTML] Dysfunctional K+ Homeostasis as a Driver for Brain Inflammation

N Ozsoy, ML Dallas - Encyclopedia, 2024‏ - mdpi.com
The central nervous system (CNS) relies on precise regulation of potassium ion (K+)
concentrations to maintain physiology. This regulation involves complex cellular and …