The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance
with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal …

Cells self-organize into functional, ordered structures during tissue morphogenesis, a
process that is evocative of colloidal self-assembly into engineered soft materials …

Autonomous out-of-equilibrium agents or cells in suspension are ubiquitous in biology and
engineering. Turning chemical energy into mechanical stress, they generate activity in their …

Cellular motility is essential for making and maintaining multicellular organisms throughout
their lifespan. Migrating cells can move either individually or collectively by a crawling …

Polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAH gel) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, an elastomer) are
two soft materials often used in cell mechanics and mechanobiology, in manufacturing lab …

Many types of animal cells exert active, contractile forces and mechanically deform their
elastic substrate, to accomplish biological functions such as migration. These substrate …

Over the past few decades, extensive research has explored the development of supportive
scaffold materials for in vitro hepatic cell culture, to effectively mimic in vivo …

Many animal cells crawling on elastic substrates exhibit durotaxis and have implications in
several biological processes including tissue development, and tumor progression. Here …

Synovial fluid (SF) is the natural lubricant found in articulated joints, providing unique
cartilage surface protecting films under confinement and relative motion. While it is known …

Active matter systems are those whose individual constituents convert energy to move or
perform mechanical work. Physicists have long been fascinated by active matter systems as …