Alkaloids have always attracted scientific interest due to either their positive or negative
effects on human beings. This review aims to summarize their antioxidant effects by both …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are phytotoxins identified in over 6000 plant species worldwide.
Approximately 600 toxic PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified in about 3% flowering …

Background & Aims High-dose irradiation is an essential tool to help control the growth of
hepatic tumors, but it can cause radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). This life-threatening …

Many pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) can cause liver injury in animals and humans. Different
hepatotoxic PAs can produce similar hepatotoxic effects, but the degree of their toxicities …

Abamectin (ABA) is a macrocyclic lactone of the avermectin family used worldwide as an
antiparasitic agent in farm animals and pets and as the active ingredient of insecticides and …

Monocrotaline (MCT) is a kind of toxic retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from
plants of Crotalaria, which can be bio-activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in liver …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are one of the most significant groups of hepatotoxic
phytotoxins. It is well-studied that metabolic activation of PAs generates reactive pyrrolic …

Abamectin (ABA), which belongs to the family of avermectins, is used as a parasiticide;
however, ABA poisoning can impair liver function. In a previous study using isolated rat liver …

Exercise intolerance is a cardinal symptom of right ventricular heart failure (RV HF) and
skeletal muscle adaptations play a role in this limitation. We determined regional remodeling …

Retronecine-, otonecine-, and heliotridine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are all reported
to be hepatotoxic. These PAs are suggested to be metabolized to the corresponding …