The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …

The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate
change. This perilous change in the Earth's climate is caused by increases in carbon dioxide …

The present paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon (GM) variability and
outstanding issues in GM science. This is the second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working …

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, which likely enabled the evolution of life by kee**
the early Earth warm. Here, we demonstrate routes towards abiotic methane and ethane …

One popular view of Venus' climate history describes a world that has spent much of its life
with surface liquid water, plate tectonics, and a stable temperate climate. Part of the basis for …

Although pH is a fundamental property of Earth's oceans, critical to our understanding of
seawater biogeochemistry, its long-timescale geologic history is poorly constrained. We …

Stratigraphy provides insights into the evolution and dynamics of the Earth System over its
long history. With recent developments in Earth System science, changes in Earth System …

The search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern
science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a …

Earth is unique among the terrestrial planets in our solar system in having a fluid envelope
that fosters life. The secrets behind Earth's habitable climate are well-tuned cycles of carbon …

Over long periods of time (~ Ma), we may consider the oceans, atmosphere and biosphere
as a single exospheric reservoir for CO2. The geological carbon cycle describes the inputs …