Vaccination represents the best line of defense against infectious diseases and is crucial in
curtailing pandemic spread of emerging pathogens to which a population has limited …

Recognition of invading pathogens by the innate immune system is essential to initiate
antimicrobial responses and trigger adaptive immunity. This is largely mediated by an array …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly infects
humans and animals which make coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a grievous …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system and serve as a
crucial link between innate and acquired immunity. In addition to immune function, TLRs are …

Introduction The pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is marked by thromboembolic …

Abstract The Middle East has witnessed a greater spread of infectious Dengue viruses, with
serotype 2 (DENV-2) being the most prevalent form. Through this work, multi-epitope …

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of
toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by
autoantibody production and multiple organ damage. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), an innate …

Single-pass transmembrane receptors (SPTMRs) represent a diverse group of integral
membrane proteins that are involved in many essential cellular processes, including signal …

Evidence from animal models and human genetics implicates Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) in
the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) …