Rock is wrapped by paper, paper is cut by scissors and scissors are crushed by rock. This
simple game is popular among children and adults to decide on trivial disputes that have no …

The problem of reconstructing nonlinear and complex dynamical systems from measured
data or time series is central to many scientific disciplines including physical, biological …

In two papers we review game theory applications in biology below the level of cognitive
living beings. It can be seen that evolution and natural selection replace the rationality of the …

In this article, we explore the pattern formation caused by fractional cross-diffusion in a 3-
species ecological symbiosis model with harvesting. Initially, all possible points of …

Evolutionary dynamical models for cyclic competitions of three species (eg, rock, paper and
scissors, or RPS) provide a paradigm, at the microscopic level of individual interactions, to …

When faced with an imminent risk of predation, many animals react to escape consumption.
Antipredator strategies are performed by individuals acting as a group to intimidate …

Evolutionary games of cyclic competitions have been extensively studied to gain insights
into one of the most fundamental phenomena in nature: biodiversity that seems to be …

The rock-paper-scissors game is a paradigmatic model for biodiversity, with applications
ranging from microbial populations to human societies. Research has shown, however, that …

Recognizing territories is essential to decide behavior of population either human or
animals, and interaction between groups or individuals according to the territorial …

We investigate evolving dynamics of cyclically competing species on spatially extended
systems with considering a specific region, which is called the “wildlife refuge,” one of the …