The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a
range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current …

This paper reviews measurement techniques and corresponding devices used to determine
the physical properties of the seasonal snowpack from distances close to the ground …

Precise measurements of snow structural parameters are crucial to understand the formation
of snowpacks by deposition and metamorphism and to characterize the stratigraphy for …

Extracting snowpack parameters from snow cover on sea ice or land is a time-consuming
and potentially high-risk task. Moreover, deriving such parameters by manually digging a …

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most commonly used instruments to map the
Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) in mountainous regions. However, some areas may be …

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars have been used by snow scientists
for the past 30 years. This radar technology provides a promising alternative to point …

The widely used detailed SNOWPACK model has undergone constant development over
the years. A notable recent extension is the introduction of a Richards equation (RE) solver …

We present results from a field campaign to measure seasonal snow depth at Cameron
Pass, Colorado, using a synthetic ultrawideband software-defined radar (SDRadar) …

During the 2010/11 boreal winter, a distributed set of backscatter measurements was
collected using a ground-based Ku-band (17.2 GHz) scatterometer system at 26 open …

Snow stratigraphy and water percolation are key contributing factors to avalanche formation.
So far, only destructive methods can provide this kind of information. Radar technology …