Discoveries leading to an improved understanding of immune surveillance of the central
nervous system (CNS) have repeatedly provoked dismissal of the existence of immune …

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain, spinal cord, optic nerves and retina,
and contains post-mitotic, delicate cells. As the rigid coverings of the CNS render swelling …

Lung infections and smoking are risk factors for multiple sclerosis, a T-cell-mediated
autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. In addition, the lung serves as a niche …

Autoreactive T cell responses have a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases
such as multiple sclerosis. Recent data indicate that CNS autoimmunity can be mediated by …

A microglial cell is both a glial cell of the central nervous system and a mononuclear
phagocyte, which belongs to the haematopoietic system and is involved in inflammatory and …

In view of disease heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis and limited access to ex vivo
specimens, different approaches must be undertaken to better understand disease …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This
has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between …

The meninges, comprising the leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid layers) and the
pachymeninx (dura layer), participate in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity, but …

To maintain the homeostatic environment required for proper function of central nervous
system (CNS) neurons the endothelial cells of CNS microvessels tightly regulate the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS, yet we
lack a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate this process …