Background: Research proves that the apprenticeship model, which is the gold standard for
training surgical residents, is obsolete. For that reason, there is a continuing effort toward the …

This paper presents a detailed review of the applications of augmented reality (AR) in three
important fields where AR use is currently increasing. The objective of this study is to …

Introduction. The development augmented reality devices allow physicians to incorporate
data visualization into diagnostic and treatment procedures to improve work efficiency …

Recent technological innovations have created new opportunities for the increased adoption
of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications in medicine. While medical …

Recent biotechnological advances, including three-dimensional microscopy and
endoscopy, virtual reality, surgical simulation, surgical robotics, and advanced …

Pre-operative imaging has been used earlier to guide traditional surgical navigation
systems. There has been a lot of effort in the last decade to integrate augmented reality into …

Background The use of augmented reality (AR) is growing in medical education, in
particular, in radiology and surgery. AR has the potential to become a strategic component …

Purpose: Neuronavigation based on preoperative imaging data is a ubiquitous tool for
image guidance in neurosurgery. However, it is rendered unreliable when brain shift …

Objective Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly being explored as an adjunct to
conventional neuronavigation systems. AR affords the ability to superimpose 3-dimensional …

Augmented reality (AR) superimposes computer-generated virtual objects onto the user's
view of the real world. Among medical disciplines, neurosurgery has long been at the …