Soil microorganisms, by actively participating in the decomposition and transformation of
organic matter through diverse metabolic pathways, play a pivotal role in carbon cycling …

The 1013–1014 microorganisms present in the human gut (collectively known as the human
gut microbiota) dedicate substantial percentages of their genomes to the degradation and …

Abstract The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten
agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite …

The membrane-integrated synthase FKS is involved in the biosynthesis of β-1, 3-glucan, the
core component of the fungal cell wall,. FKS is the target of widely prescribed antifungal …

Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It
is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating …

Chitin, the most abundant aminopolysaccharide in nature, is an extracellular polymer
consisting of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. The key reactions of chitin biosynthesis …

Glycosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from a donor to an acceptor.
Members of this enzyme class are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms of life and are …

Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis
is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways …

Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are critical for protein synthesis. Queuosine (Q), a 7-
deaza-guanosine derivative, is present in tRNA anticodons. In vertebrate tRNAs for Tyr and …

Hyaluronan is an acidic heteropolysaccharide comprising alternating N-acetylglucosamine
and glucuronic acid sugars that is ubiquitously expressed in the vertebrate extracellular …