Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS that are involved in its development,
homeostasis and response to infection and damage. Microglial activation is a common …

The cuprizone mouse model allows the investigation of the complex molecular mechanisms
behind nonautoimmune-mediated demyelination and spontaneous remyelination. While it is …

Dopamine (DA) is a major monoamine neurotransmitter in the brain and has essential roles
in higher functions of the brain. Malfunctions of dopaminergic signaling have been …

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammatory activity that results in destruction of the
myelin sheaths that enwrap axons. The currently available medications for multiple sclerosis …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a unique pattern, which is
histologically classified into the subpial type 3 lesions in the autopsy. The lesion is also …

Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder that typically begins in adolescence and is
characterized by perceptual abnormalities, delusions, cognitive and behavioural …

The copper chelator cuprizone (bis-cyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone) was established as a
neurotoxin in rodents in 1966 by Carlton. During the following years the usefulness of …

Cuprizone is a copper-chelating agent that induces pathology similar to that within some
multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The reliability and reproducibility of cuprizone for inducing …

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) receive synaptic innervation from glutamatergic
and GABAergic axons and can be dynamically regulated by neural activity, resulting in …

Objective: While schizophrenia may have a progressive component, the evidence for
neurodegenerative processes as indicated by reactive astrocytes is inconclusive. We …