Major depressive disorder (MDD) will affect one out of every five people in their lifetime and
is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with the …

Chronic stressful life events are risk factors for develo** major depression, the
pathophysiology of which is strongly linked to impairments in serotonin (5-HT) …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major component of the systems that
respond to stress, by coordinating the neuroendocrine and autonomic responses. Tightly …

Psychiatric disorders are characterized by sex differences in their prevalence,
symptomatology and treatment response. Animal models have been widely employed for …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

Understanding the physiopathology of affective disorders and their treatment relies on the
availability of experimental models that accurately mimic aspects of the disease. Here we …

Bidirectional associations between mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases are
extensively documented. However, the precise physiological and biochemical mechanisms …

Despite the knowledge that women are more susceptible than men to stress-related mental
illness, such as major depression, there is no comprehensive estimation of the role of …

Supportive social interactions may be protective against stressors and certain mental and
physical illness, while social isolation may be a powerful stressor. Prairie voles are socially …

Rodent models are an indispensable tool for studying etiology and progress of depression.
Since interrelated systems of neurotrophic factors and cytokines comprise major regulatory …