Nitrate is generally considered a water pollutant and an undesirable fertilizer residue in the
food chain. Research in the 1970s indicated that, by reducing nitrate to nitrite, commensal …

Sepsis or serious infection within the first four weeks of life kills greater than 1 million
newborns globally every year1. The attack rate for neonatal sepsis is variable (from< 1% to> …

Nitric oxide (NO) is normally produced in the endothelium by the constitutive isoform of the
NO synthase. This physiological production of NO is important for blood pressure regulation …

Purpose: The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis
(NEC) is still undefined. Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) …

Objective: To review the assays available for measurement of nitrite and nitrate ions in body
fluids and their clinical applications. Design and Methods: Literature searches were done of …

Nutrition support may have a modulating effect on the underlying illness by its salutary
effects on the immune system and organ function. In this context, immunonutrition is …

Nitrate is ubiquitous. It is present in water, soil, plants and food, and is also a normal human
metabolite. The main external sources of nitrate are vegetables and drinking water. This …

Over the past several years, investigators studying nitric oxide (NO) biology and metabolism
have come to learn that the one-electron oxidation product of NO, nitrite anion, serves as a …

Cytokine induction The best recognised inducers of iNOS are interferon gamma (IFNy),
tumour necrosis factor cx (TNFot), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and lipopolysaccharide …

Objective and design Sepsis refers to severe systemic inflammation in response to invading
pathogens. To understand the molecular events that initiate the systemic inflammatory …