Given the large volume of remote sensing images collected daily, automatic object detection
and segmentation have been a consistent need in Earth observation (EO). However, objects …

Population growth will confront the City of Zurich with a variety of challenges in the coming
years, as the increase in the number of inhabitants and jobs will lead to densification and …

Urban environments are regions of complex and diverse architecture. Their reconstruction
and representation as three-dimensional city models have attracted the attention of many …

Abstract The CityGML Level of Detail 3 (LoD3), a widely adopted standard for three-
dimensional (3D) city modeling, has been accessible for an extended period. However, its …

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are often preferred for modeling cultural
heritage buildings due to their costs and time savings. The need for data collection, analysis …

Three-dimensional (3D) building models play an important role in digital cities and have
numerous potential applications in environmental studies. In recent years, the …

The point clouds acquired with a mobile LiDAR scanner (MLS) have high density and
accuracy, which allows one to identify different elements of the road in them, as can be …

For accurate urban planning, three-dimensional (3D) building models with a high level of
detail (LOD) must be developed. However, most large-scale 3D building models are limited …

The city of Warsaw, Poland, has endured significant damage throughout its history,
particularly during World War II. The city was bombed in September 1939, and many …

This paper presents an automatic 3D building reconstruction methodology for historical
urban maps. It uses facade and openings detection on the maps, followed by rectification …