Trained immunity is a functional state of the innate immune response and is characterized
by long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells. This concept originated in …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

The global tuberculosis burden remains substantial, with more than 10 million people newly
ill per year. Nevertheless, tuberculosis incidence has slowly declined over the past decade …

In the eleven months elapsed since the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its
genome, an exceptional effort by the scientific community has led to the development of over …

Respiratory viral infections reprogram pulmonary macrophages with altered anti-infectious
functions. However, the potential function of virus-trained macrophages in antitumor …

In contrast to other respiratory viruses, children have less severe symptoms when infected
with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this …

The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

Aside from centrally induced trained immunity in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral
blood by parenteral vaccination or infection, evidence indicates that mucosal-resident innate …

There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during the pandemic thanks to the …

Summary Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an experimental vaccine
designed to protect cattle from bovine tuberculosis, was administered for the first time to a …