Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Plants resist attacks by pathogens via innate immune responses, which are initiated by cell
surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding …

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular leucine rich-repeat domain (LRR) immune
receptors to detect pathogens. LRR receptor kinases and LRR receptor proteins at the …

All eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated immune systems to appropriately
respond to biotic stresses. In plants and animals, a key part of this immune system is pattern …

Plant beneficial microorganisms improve the health and growth of the associated plants.
Application of beneficial microbes triggers an enhanced resistance state, also termed as …

Plants have both cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse self-and non-
self molecules. Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize extracellular …

Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …

Phytohormones are endogenously produced organic substances indispensable for
regulating plant growth and yield and also play major role in inducing tolerance to plants …

Plant–pathogen interactions induce a signal transmission series that stimulates the plant's
host defense system against pathogens and this, in turn, leads to disease resistance …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated plant steroid hormones that are
crucial for many aspects of a plant's life. BRs were originally characterized for their function …