The diverse biological functions of RNA are determined by the complex structures of RNA
stabilized by both secondary and tertiary interactions. An RNA triplex is an important tertiary …

The unique properties of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) makes it a desirable candidate to be
used in therapeutic and biotechnological interventions. It has been broadly utilized for …

It remains an unanswered question whether the flux of K+ and H+ in lysosomes are
correlated due to difficulties in simultaneously imaging these two ions. This question is of …

RNA folding is driven by the formation of double-helical segments interspaced by loops of
unpaired nucleotides. Among the latter, bulges formed by one or several unpaired …

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been developed for applications in biotechnology and
therapeutics. There is great potential in the development of chemically modified PNAs or …

Compounds that bind specifically to double‐stranded regions of RNA have potential as
regulators of structure‐based RNA function; however, sequence‐selective recognition of …

Sequence-selective recognition of complex RNAs in live cells could find broad applications
in biology, biomedical research, and biotechnology. However, specific recognition of …

DNA triplex participates in delivering site-specific epigenetic modifications critical for the
regulation of gene expression. Among these marks, 5mC with 8oG functions …

Dosage compensation is an essential process that equalizes transcript levels of X-linked
genes between sexes by forming a domain of coordinated gene expression. Throughout the …

Pseudoknots are a fundamental RNA tertiary structure with important roles in regulation of
mRNA translation. Molecular force spectroscopic approaches such as optical tweezers can …