Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties—action
errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events—and they lead to …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Cognitive control theory suggests that goal-directed behavior is governed by a dynamic
interplay between areas of the prefrontal cortex. Critical to cognitive control is the detection …

An essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP)
experiments, completely updated for this edition. The event-related potential (ERP) …

We review two decades of research on the error-related negativity (ERN or Ne), a
component of the event-related brain potential that accompanies errors in speeded …

To detect erroneous action outcomes is necessary for flexible adjustments and therefore a
prerequisite of adaptive, goal-directed behavior. While performance monitoring has been …

Performance monitoring is a key cognitive function, allowing to detect mistakes and adapt
future behavior. Post-decisional neural signals have been identified that are sensitive to …

The ERN is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that peaks approximately 50
ms after the commission of an error. The ERN is thought to reflect early error-processing …

This review provides a summary of the contributions made by human functional
neuroimaging studies to the understanding of neural correlates of saccadic control. The …

The ability to detect and compensate for errors is crucial in producing effective, goal-directed
behavior. Human error processing is reflected in two event-related brain potential …