Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly
respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress …

Key message WRKY transcription factors are among the largest families of transcriptional
regulators. In this review, their pivotal role in modulating various signal transduction …

Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive
organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated …

Amid apprehension of global climate change, crop plants are inevitably confronted with a
myriad of abiotic stress factors during their growth that inflicts a serious threat to their …

Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

Plants in their natural habitat have to face multiple stresses simultaneously. Evolutionary
adaptation of developmental, physiological, and biochemical parameters give advantage …

The WRKY gene family is among the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in higher
plants. By regulating the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, these TFs play critical …

In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …