Harnessing the process of natural selection to obtain and understand new microbial
phenotypes has become increasingly possible due to advances in culturing techniques …

The development of new ion-activation/dissociation methods continues to be one of the most
active areas of mass spectrometry owing to the broad applications of tandem mass …

Protein semisynthesis—defined herein as the assembly of a protein from a combination of
synthetic and recombinant fragments—is a burgeoning field of chemical biology that has …

In the past two decades significant progress has been made in uncovering the biological
function of selenium. Selenium, an essential trace element, is required for the biogenesis of …

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a technique for the selection of strains with better
phenotypes by long-term culture under a specific selection pressure or growth environment …

The importance of modified peptides and proteins for applications in drug discovery, and for
illuminating biological processes at the molecular level, is fueling a demand for efficient …

Abstract Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st genetically encoded amino acid, is structurally
similar to cysteine (Cys) but with a sulfur to selenium replacement. This small change …

The ability to construct a peptide or protein in a spatio-specific manner is of great interest for
therapeutic and biochemical research. However, the various functional groups present in …

Transdermal drug delivery is favored in clinical therapy because of its ability to overcome the
shortcomings of the first pass elimination of the liver caused by traditional oral administration …

In nature, a limited, conservative set of amino acids are utilized to synthesize proteins.
Genetic code expansion technique reassigns codons and incorporates noncanonical amino …