Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials that are widely used to create intelligent
devices because of their high energy density, actuation strain, and biocompatibility …

Robotic artificial muscles are a subset of artificial muscles that are capable of producing
biologically inspired motions useful for robot systems, ie, large power-to-weight ratios …

This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

Insects perform feats of strength and endurance that belie their small stature. Insect-scale
robots—although subject to the same scaling laws—demonstrate reduced performance …

Soft machines typically exhibit slow locomotion speed and low manipulation strength
because of intrinsic limitations of soft materials. Here, we present a generic design principle …

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire-based soft actuators have had their performance limited by
the small stroke of the SMA wire embedded within the polymeric matrix. This intrinsically …

The limited force or torque outputs of miniature magnetic actuators constrain the locomotion
performances and functionalities of magnetic millimeter-scale robots. Here, we present a …

A foldable arm is one of the practical applications of folding. It can help mobile robots and
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) overcome access issues by allowing them to reach into …

Millions of years of evolution have allowed animals to develop unusual locomotion
capabilities. A striking example is the legless-jum** of click beetles and trap-jaw ants …

The one-dimensional deformation of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and springs can be
implemented into different types of functional structures with three-dimensional …