The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular
mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress …

Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …

Antibiotic tolerance is associated with the failure of antibiotic treatment and the relapse of
many bacterial infections. However, unlike resistance, which is commonly measured using …

Many bacteria can infect and persist inside their hosts for long periods of time. This can be
due to immunosuppression of the host, immune evasion by the pathogen and/or ineffective …

Antibiotic resistance is an urgent threat to global health. Antidepressants are consumed in
large quantities, with a similar pharmaceutical market share (4.8%) to antibiotics (5%). While …

Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they
are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to …

Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing)
bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and …

The spread of resistant bacteria, leading to untreatable infections, is a major public health
threat but the pace of antibiotic discovery to combat these pathogens has slowed down …

Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments.
Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have …

BACKGROUND The escalating crisis of multidrug resistance is raising fears of untreatable
infections caused by bacterial “superbugs.” However, many patients already suffer from …