The past fifteen years of orbital infrared spectroscopy and in situ exploration have led to a
new understanding of the composition and history of Mars. Globally, Mars has a basaltic …

This paper reviews and refines the technique of dating martian surfaces by using impact-
crater isochrons (defined as size distributions of impact craters on undisturbed martian …

Geological evidence shows that ancient Mars had large volumes of liquid water. Models of
past hydrogen escape to space, calibrated with observations of the current escape rate …

The HiRISE camera features a 0.5 m diameter primary mirror, 12 m effective focal length,
and a focal plane system that can acquire images containing up to 28 Gb (gigabits) of data …

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the outermost of the rocky, terrestrial planets that
make up the inner solar system. Of this planetary family, Mars is only larger than Mercury …

The Context Camera (CTX) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a Facility
Instrument (ie, government‐furnished equipment operated by a science team not …

A committee of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) has reviewed and
updated the description of Special Regions on Mars as places where terrestrial organisms …

Mars accumulated and differentiated into crust, mantle and core within a few tens of millions
of years of Solar System formation. Formation of Hellas, which has been adopted as the …

As the obliquity of Mars is strongly chaotic, it is not possible to give a solution for its evolution
over more than a few million years. Using the most recent data for the rotational state of …

Using the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey, we have identified two regions
near the poles that are enriched in hydrogen. The data indicate the presence of a …