Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine
ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between …

The biological pump transports organic matter, created by phytoplankton productivity in the
well-lit surface ocean, to the ocean's dark interior, where it is consumed by animals and …

The ocean holds vast quantities of carbon that it continually exchanges with the atmosphere
through the air-sea interface. Because of its enormous size and relatively rapid exchange of …

The ocean's biological carbon pump transfers carbon from the surface ocean to the deep
ocean by several distinct pathways, including gravitational settling of organic particles …

Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in the ocean, yet we know little of their contribution to
carbon export flux at regional to global scales. We synthesize the existing information on fish …

Marine zooplankton comprise a phylogenetically and functionally diverse assemblage of
protistan and metazoan consumers that occupy multiple trophic levels in pelagic food webs …

Microplastics in the marine environment are well documented, and interactions with marine
biota have been described worldwide. However, interactions with vertically migrating fish …

The export of organic carbon from the surface ocean by sinking particles is an important, yet
highly uncertain, component of the global carbon cycle. Here we introduce a mechanistic …

Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exhibits a spectrum of reactivity, from very fast
turnover of the most bioavailable forms in the surface ocean to long-lived materials …

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustaceans, up to two inches
long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins–but they have another important …