Drug delivery technologies have enabled the development of many pharmaceutical
products that improve patient health by enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic to its target …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a progressive new pillar in immune cell
therapy for cancer. It has yielded remarkable clinical responses in patients with B-cell …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is generally featured by low pH values, high glutathione
(GSH) concentrations, overproduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and severe hypoxia …

Cancer cells have various immune evasion mechanisms that resist the immune cells by
reprogramming the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as programmed death-ligand 1 …

The immune checkpoint blockade therapy has profoundly revolutionized the field of cancer
immunotherapy. However, despite great promise for a variety of cancers, the efficacy of …

FOLFOX, the combinational strategy of folinic acid (FnA), 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), and
oxaliplatin (OxP), has been used as standard treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) for …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD, also known as immunogenic apoptosis) of malignant cells is
confirmed to activate the host immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate tumors …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various
immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the induction of …

Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and
distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and …

Numerous clinical trials for cancer precision medicine research are limited due to the drug
resistance, side effects, and low efficacy. Unsatisfactory outcomes are often caused by …