Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

Based upon advances in theoretical algorithms, modeling and simulations, and computer
technologies, the rational design of materials, cells, devices, and packs in the field of lithium …

Microorganisms exploit extracellular electron transfer (EET) in growth and information
exchange with external environments or with other cells. Every microbial cell is surrounded …

Until recently,“room-temperature”(< 100− 150 C) liquidstate electrochemistry was mostly
electrochemistry of diluted electrolytes 1− 4 where dissolved salt ions were surrounded by a …

Ultrafast photochemical reactions in liquids occur on similar or shorter time scales compared
to the equilibration of the optically populated excited state. This equilibration involves the …

Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

Advances in the fields of catalysis and electrochemical energy conversion often involve
nanoparticles, which can have kinetics surprisingly different from the bulk material. Classical …

This paper summarizes the thermodynamic theory of multi-electron transfer reactions and its
implications for electrocatalysis. We discuss the fundamental differences between catalyzing …

Through incremental change, Nature reworks and repurposes its functional machinery. In
this way, proteins that photochemically repair DNA by moving protons and electrons have a …

Building an electronic device using individual molecules is one of the ultimate goals in
nanotechnology. To achieve this it will be necessary to measure, control and understand …