The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) in the central North Island is the main focus of young
volcanism in New Zealand. Andesitic activity started at c. 2 Ma, joined by voluminous …

Maar-diatreme volcanoes are produced by explosive eruptions that cut deeply into the
country rock. A maar is the crater cut into the ground and surrounded by an ejecta ring, while …

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The current concern about an anthropogenic impact on global climate has made it of interest
to compare the potential effect of various human activities. A case in point is the comparison …

We propose a classification scheme that unifies terminology for all primary volcaniclastic
deposits, assigns initial depositional mechanism as the basis for classifying them, and …

Over the past 25 years, our understanding of the physical processes that drive volcanic
eruptions has increased enormously thanks to major advances in computational and …

Vesicles in volcanic rocks are frozen records of degassing processes in magmas. For this
reason, their sizes, spatial arrangements, numbers and shapes can be linked to physical …

Explosive eruptions are the most powerful and destructive type of volcanic activity. These
eruptions are characterized by magma fragmentation, the process through which a bubbly or …

Processes involved in the development of igneous and metamorphic rocks involve some
combination of crystal growth, solution, movement and deformation, which is expressed as …

Plate motion and associated tectonics explain the location of magmatic systems along plate
boundaries [1], however, they cannot give satisfactory explanations of the origin of intraplate …