STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of the transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block.
DESIGN: Meta-analysis. SETTING: District general hospital. PATIENTS: 86 patients in the …

BACKGROUND: Side effects of opioids used for the treatment of acute pain frequently limit
their analgesic quality. Many studies have compared opioid side effects in patient-controlled …

Background Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine is associated with reduction in
postoperative analgesic requirements. This study examined whether dexmedetomidine …

Although morphine is the standard opioid analgesic for pain control and has been widely
used, certain drug-induced adverse effects have been reported as intolerable and need to …

METHODS A systemic search for reports of KOR and KOR agonist in experimental animal
models and studies in humans was carried out. The major electronic databases (PubMed …

Objectives: Opioid-induced pruritus is a common side effect of opioid treatment in patients
with acute pain associated with surgery or childbirth. There are several options available to …

Opioid receptors are currently classified as µ (mu: mOP), δ (delta: dOP), κ (kappa: kOP) with
a fourth related non-classical opioid receptor for nociceptin/orphainin FQ, NOP. Morphine is …

Many factors contribute to suboptimal pain management in children. Current evidence
suggests that severe pain in children has significant long-lasting effects, even more so than …

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of giving
general anesthesia without the use of any opioids either systemic or intraperitoneal in …

RATIONALE AND SCOPE OF THE GUIDELINES pain is a subjective unpleasant sensory
and emotional experience. Acute pain occurs irrespective of age and has a prevalence of …