Handwriting has continued to persist as a means of communication and recording
information in day-to-day life even with the introduction of new technologies. Given its …

The authors' goal is to apply robotics and automation technology to assist, enhance,
quantify, and document neurorehabilitation. This paper reviews a clinical trial involving 20 …

This paper presents studies of the coordination of voluntary human arm movements. A
mathematical model is formulated which is shown to predict both the qualitative features and …

The public pays large sums of money to watch skilled motor performance. Notably, however,
in recent decades motor skill learning (performance improvement beyond baseline levels) …

Smoothness is characteristic of coordinated human movements, and stroke patients'
movements seem to grow more smooth with recovery. We used a robotic therapy device to …

Synergy discusses a general problem in biology: The lack of an adequate language for
formulating biologically specific problems. Written for an inquisitive reader who is not …

Background Motivation is an important factor in rehabilitation and frequently used as a
determinant of rehabilitation outcome. Several factors can influence patient motivation and …

This article describes a model of motion planning instantiated for gras**. According to the
model, one of the most important aspects of motion planning is establishing a constraint …

This article describes a theory of the computations underlying the selection of coordinated
motion patterns, especially in reaching tasks. The central idea is that when a spatial target is …

Todorov, Emanuel and Michael I. Jordan. Smoothness maximization along a predefined
path accurately predicts the speed profiles of complex arm movements. J. Neurophysiol. 80 …