Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has
been used for resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent …

Electrodialysis, a membrane separation method, uses an electrical potential difference to
separate ions in aqueous solutions. Electrodialysis is used in several industries for the …

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are a special class of ion-exchange membranes constituted by
a cation-and an anion-exchange layer, allowing the generation of protons and hydroxide …

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have been established as a key component in industrial
water desalination and electrolysis processes. Thus, nowadays, they are being studied and …

Eutrophication caused by excessive phosphate has become a global environmental issue
that urgently needs to be solved due to its destructive effect on the ecosystem and adverse …

High-efficiency phosphate removal from wastewater is crucial for protecting environmental
stability. In this work, a lanthanum carbonate grafted ZSM-5 adsorbent (LC-ZSM-5) was …

The need for unconventional sources of fresh water is pushing a fast development of
desalination technologies, which proved to be able to face and solve the problem of water …

Salinity gradient energy is currently attracting growing attention among the scientific
community as a renewable energy source. In particular, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is …

Osmotic energy, often referred to as “blue energy”, is the energy generated from the mixing
of solutions with different salt concentrations, offering a vast, renewable, and …

Though electrodialysis (ED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are both mature, proven
technologies for brackish water desalination, RO is currently utilized to desalinate over an …