Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including
cell–cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototy**”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Piezocatalysis has gradually come into the limelight due to its great potential for solving
energy shortages and environmental pollution problems. However, limited piezocatalytic …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the
forefront of next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems are predominantly …

Neurodegenerative diseases generally result in irreversible neuronal damage and neuronal
death. Cell therapy shows promise as a potential treatment for these diseases. However, the …

Catheters used for endovascular navigation in interventional procedures lack dexterity at the
distal tip. Neurointerventionists, in particular, encounter challenges in up to 25% of …

Magnetic small-scale robots are devices of great potential for the biomedical field because
of the several benefits of this method of actuation. Recent work on the development of these …