Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the preferential
dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The onset and …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not only responsible for protein synthesis and folding but
also plays a critical role in sensing cellular stress and maintaining cellular homeostasis …

Relevant reviews highlight the association between dysfunctional mitochondria and
inflammation, but few studies address the contribution of mitochondria and mitochondria …

Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process involving the autophagic targeting and
clearance of mitochondria destined for removal. Recent insights into the complex nature of …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the etiology of which
remains largely unknown. Progressive impairment of voluntary motor control, which …

Cellular stress, induced by external or internal cues, activates several well-orchestrated
processes aimed at either restoring cellular homeostasis or committing to cell death. Those …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of dopamine
neurons in the substantia nigra. The reason for the death of these neurons is unclear; …

Autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism is clinically and genetically heterogeneous.
The genetic causes of approximately 50% of autosomal-recessive early-onset forms of …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a homeostatic mechanism by which cells regulate
levels of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although it is well …

Mitochondria are an essential source of ATP for cellular function, but when damaged,
mitochondria generate a plethora of stress signals, which lead to cellular dysfunction and …